Automation testing

Selenium and TestNG Overview

1. What is Automation Testing?

• Description: Automation testing is the process of using specialized software to test the functionality of a program automatically, as opposed to manually testing it.
• Example: Running a Selenium script to check the functionality of a login form on a website.

2. When to Switch to Automation Testing?

• Description: Automation is ideal when:
  • Repetitive tasks need to be executed frequently.
  • Regression tests need to be run after every new build.
  • Large-scale systems need to be tested, requiring speed and consistency.
  • Manual testing would be too slow or prone to human error.

3. Why Automation Testing? / Advantages

• Advantages:
  • Faster execution of test cases.
  • More reliable with less human error.
  • Reusable test scripts for future testing cycles.
  • Continuous integration support.
  • Better test coverage (running tests across multiple platforms and configurations).

4. Disadvantages of Automation Testing

• Disadvantages:
  • High initial setup cost and time to create automated tests.
  • Maintenance overhead for test scripts when the application changes.
  • Not suitable for one-time or short-term testing projects.
  • Requires skilled testers to create and maintain automated scripts.

5. Automation Testing Tools

• Examples:
  • Selenium
  • QTP (QuickTest Professional)
  • JUnit
  • TestComplete
  • Cucumber

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Selenium

6. What is Selenium?

• Description: Selenium is an open-source framework for automating web applications for testing purposes. It provides support for multiple programming languages such as Java, C#, Python, and Ruby, and works across different browsers.

7. Why Selenium? / Advantages

• Advantages:
  • Supports multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge).
  • Supports multiple programming languages (Java, Python, C#, Ruby, etc.).
  • Open-source and free to use.
  • Supports mobile testing with Selenium Grid or Appium.
  • Integrates well with CI/CD tools like Jenkins.

8. What are its Versions?

• Versions:
  • Selenium 1 (Selenium RC) — used to be the most common version but was later replaced.
  • Selenium 2 — Integrated WebDriver, the current version.
  • Selenium 3 — Official support for WebDriver, the new standard.
  • Selenium 4 — Latest version with additional features such as better Grid functionality, improved mobile support, and W3C WebDriver standard compliance.

9. What OS, Browsers, and Programming Languages does Selenium Support?

• Supported OS: Windows, macOS, Linux
• Supported Browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge
• Supported Languages: Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, Kotlin

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Java-Selenium Architecture

10. Java-Selenium Architecture

• Description: The architecture of Selenium consists of:
  • WebDriver: The main interface for interacting with the browser.
  • Browser Driver: Bridges WebDriver and the browser (e.g., ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver).
  • Operating System: OS-specific implementation to interact with the browser.

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WebDriver Architecture

11. WebDriver Architecture

• Description: WebDriver follows the client-server architecture:
  • The client is the Selenium WebDriver API.
  • The server is the browser driver (e.g., ChromeDriver).
  • WebDriver communicates directly with the browser via the driver, sending commands (such as click, type, etc.) to the browser.

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Basic Selenium Program to Open and Close Browser

12. Basic Selenium Program Example

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class BasicSeleniumExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set path for ChromeDriver
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");

        // Initialize WebDriver and open browser
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.example.com");

        // Close the browser
        driver.quit();
    }
}

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Runtime Polymorphism Program in Selenium

13. Runtime Polymorphism Example in Selenium

interface Browser {
    void open();
}

class ChromeBrowser implements Browser {
    public void open() {
        System.out.println("Opening Chrome Browser");
    }
}

class FirefoxBrowser implements Browser {
    public void open() {
        System.out.println("Opening Firefox Browser");
    }
}

public class SeleniumTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Browser browser = new ChromeBrowser();
        browser.open();  // Runtime Polymorphism
    }
}

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WebDriver Abstract Methods

14. WebDriver Abstract Methods

• Methods like get(), click(), sendKeys(), etc., are abstract methods in WebDriver that are implemented by browser-specific driver classes like ChromeDriver, FirefoxDriver, etc.

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Locators

15. Locators in Selenium

• Locators are used to find elements on the web page.
  • ID: driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
  • Name: driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"));
  • XPath: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//tagname[@attribute='value']"));
  • CSS Selector: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssSelector"));
  • Class Name: driver.findElement(By.className("className"));
  • Link Text: driver.findElement(By.linkText("linkText"));
  • Partial Link Text: driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialText"));

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Xpath, Types, and Cases

16. XPath Types and Examples

• Absolute XPath: /html/body/div
• Relative XPath: //div[@id='header']
• XPath with Multiple Conditions: //input[@name='username' and @type='text']
• XPath with contains(): //a[contains(text(), 'Sign Up')]

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Handling Multiple Elements

17. Handling Multiple Elements

• Description: Use findElements() to get a list of elements.

List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.className("exampleClass"));

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Handling Synchronization Issues (Implicit and Explicit Wait)

18. Implicit Wait

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

19. Explicit Wait

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("example")));

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Handling Dropdowns

20. Handling Dropdown (Static and Dynamic)

• Static Dropdown: Use Select class for static dropdown.

Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdown")));
dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");

• Dynamic Dropdown: Manually handle elements as dynamic dropdowns are populated via JavaScript.

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Keyboard and Mouse Actions

21. Handling Keyboard and Mouse Actions

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("hoverElement"))).click().build().perform();

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Taking Screenshot

22. Taking a Screenshot

File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("screenshot.png"));

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Handling Disabled Element

23. Handling Disabled Element

• Description: You can use JavaScriptExecutor to interact with disabled elements, but it's generally not recommended to interact with them unless required.

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Performing Scroll Down Action

24. Scroll Down Action

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 1000)");

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WebElement Interface Methods

25. WebElement Interface Methods

• Methods: click(), sendKeys(), getText(), getAttribute(), isDisplayed(), etc.

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Handling Popups (Web-Based and Window-Based)

26. Handling Popups

• Web-based: Use Alert interface.

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();  // Accept the alert

• Window-based: Use Robot class for window popups.

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Handling Frames

27. Handling Frames

driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");

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Handling New Windows/New Tabs

28. Handling New Windows/Tabs

String parentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String window : allWindows) {
    if (!window.equals(parentWindow)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(window);
    }
}

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Automation Frameworks

29. Automation Framework

• Description: A structured approach to automate testing with reusable code, reporting, and logging. Types include Keyword-driven, Data-driven, Hybrid, and Page Object Model (POM).

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POM (Page Object Model)

30. POM (Page Object Model)

• Description: A design pattern that creates an object-oriented class for each web page. This class contains methods to interact with the elements on the page.

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TestNG

31. TestNG

• Description: A testing framework inspired by JUnit, designed for test configuration and parallel execution.

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32. Fetching TestNG Report

• Description: TestNG generates XML and HTML reports by default to show the results of test execution.

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Batch Execution in TestNG

33. Batch Execution

• Description: You can execute multiple test cases or test classes in a batch using TestNG’s XML configuration file.

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TestNG Flags and Annotations

34. TestNG Flags and Annotations

• Annotations: @Test, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, etc.

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Assertions

35. Assertions in TestNG

• Description: Assertions are used to validate the test conditions.
  • assertTrue(), assertFalse(), assertEquals(), assertNull()

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36. Grouping Execution in TestNG

• Description: Grouping test methods to execute them together based on specific categories.

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Data Parameterization in TestNG

37. Data Parameterization

• Description: Use @DataProvider to pass different sets of data to test methods.

@DataProvider(name="data")
public Object[][] data() {
    return new Object[][] { { "data1" }, { "data2" } };
}

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Parallel Execution in TestNG

38. Parallel Execution

• Description: TestNG allows parallel execution of tests using the <suite> tag in the XML configuration file.

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Distributed Parallel Execution

39. Distributed Parallel Execution

• Description: Distributes tests across multiple machines in a grid for better scalability.

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Cross Browser Parallel Execution

40. Cross Browser Parallel Execution

• Description: Selenium Grid or tools like SauceLabs allow tests to be executed in parallel across multiple browsers.

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This comprehensive guide provides an overview of the most common topics related to Selenium, TestNG, and automation testing.